Transmission matrix of a multimode fiber: In-line vs off-axis holography

Aleksandra Ivanina, Benjamin Lochocki, Andreas Koglbauer, Sergei Sokolov, Sebastianus A Goorden and Lyubov V Amitonova

PLOS ONE, 2026, vol. 21, issue 2, 1-14

Abstract: Multimode fibers (MMFs) hold great promise for a variety of imaging applications. However, controlling the complex propagation of light through thousands of modes in MMFs remains a challenging task. To enable precise wavefront control, the MMF transmission matrix (TM) must be accurately measured. In this paper, we compare in-line and off-axis holography as phase retrieval techniques for TM measurement within a single optical setup. The quality of wavefront shaping is analyzed for different target shapes, including single-mode and complex free-form projections. Our findings reveal a trade-off in wavefront shaping: while in-line holography achieves superior focus quality for single-mode targets, off-axis holography excels in projecting complex-shaped targets. These experimental findings provide a basis for choosing and optimizing holographic techniques in MMF-based imaging setups.

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:plo:pone00:0340823

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0340823

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