Demand in the Option Market and the Pricing Kernel

Caio Almeida and Gustavo Freire
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Caio Almeida: Princeton University
Gustavo Freire: Erasmus University Rotterdam

Working Papers from Princeton University. Economics Department.

Abstract: We show that net demand in the S&P 500 option market is fundamental to explain empirical puzzles related to the pricing kernel. When public investors (non-market makers) are exposed to variance risk by net-selling out-of-the-money (OTM) options, the pricing kernel is U-shaped, expected option returns are low and the variance risk premium is high. Conversely, when public investors are protected against variance risk by net-buying OTM options, the pricing kernel is decreasing in market returns, expected option returns are high and the variance risk premium is low. Our findings support equilibrium models with heterogeneous agents in which options are nonredundant.

Keywords: Pricing Kernel; Option Returns; Option Demand; Market Makers; Risk Premium (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: G11 G12 G13 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022-12
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pri:econom:2022-32

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