Hidden Networks: Value Chain Vulnerability and Indirect Sourcing in the Nordic Region

Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö and Peter Bøegh Nielsen

No 181, ETLA Reports from The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy

Abstract: Abstract The findings demonstrate that regional Nordic trade contains significant hidden exposure to non-European markets. On average, 11% of intermediate imports from Nordic neighbors originate from outside Europe at the second tier. A substantial portion of this non-European exposure is concentrated in China (27.1%) and other BRICS+ countries (16.3%), representing a vulnerability that standard trade statistics, based on only direct trade, fail to capture. The methodology provides a framework for future pan-European value chain analysis.

Keywords: Value chain; Tier; Resilience; Nordic; Imports; Vulnerability; Indirect (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F15 F52 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 18 pages
Date: 2026-09-07
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cna and nep-mac
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