Evaluating the Spectacle of Social Exclusion in Pakistan

Ghulam Rasool Madni () and Khurram Shahzad
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Ghulam Rasool Madni: University of Lahore, Pakistan
Khurram Shahzad: University of Lahore, Pakistan

Empirical Economic Review, 2021, vol. 4, issue 1, 33-51

Abstract: Social exclusion is blockage or denied access of people from various rights, resources and opportunities (democratic participation, employment, housing, employment etc) that are normally available to other members of society. The outcome of social exclusion is limited economic, political and social life creating a barrier in the way of potential growth and development. The social exclusion of people is a big challenge for policy makers and researchers now days. This study is an attempt to find out the effects of trade liberalization and tax revenues on socially excluded people of Pakistan covering the time span of 1980-2016. The auto regressive distributed lag model is applied to determine the long and short run relationship among the variables. The findings of the study reveal that trade liberalization and per capita income has vital role to decrease the level of social exclusion while increase in tax revenues is increasing the social exclusion. Further globalization of the economy is suggested for social inclusion of the people.

Keywords: ARDL; Social Exclusion; Trade Liberalization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: B55 C13 E62 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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