¿Qué detiene el tiempo de las mujeres? Infraestructura hídrica, cuidado y no participación económica en Bolivia

What Stops Women’s Time? Water Infrastructure, Care, and Economic Non-Participation in Bolivia

Jean Paolo Porcel Inquillo
Additional contact information
Jean Paolo Porcel Inquillo: Universidad Mayor de San Andrés

Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Economico, 2026, vol. 24, issue 45, 141-162

Abstract: This article examines the relationship between household water access and distribution conditions, gender, and economic non-participation due to domestic and care work in Bolivia. The analysis uses the full analytical universe of 7,325,783 people aged 15 to 65 living in private dwellings, built from the 2024 Population and Housing Census microdata. It estimates logit models with departmental fixed effects, age, schooling, and rural residence, together with extended specifications that add material household controls and sensitivity checks using Probit and linear probability models. The results show a large and persistent gender gap: women are substantially more likely to report domestic and care work as the main reason for economic non-participation. Water constraints remain positively associated with this outcome even after introducing additional material household controls. The interaction between gender and water constraints is negative in non-linear specifications but changes sign in the linear model, so it should be treated as sensitive to functional form. These findings indicate that water infrastructure is a relevant, though not exclusive, material condition within the broader set of constraints affecting women’s economic autonomy.

Keywords: Water infrastructure; Care work; Time use; Female economic participation; Bolivia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C25 D13 J16 J22 O18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://iisec.ucb.edu.bo/assets_iisec/publicacion/Articulo_4_141-162.pdf Full text file

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ris:revlde:022600

DOI: 10.35319/lajed.202645616

Access Statistics for this article

Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Economico is currently edited by Carlos Gustavo Machicado

More articles in Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Economico from Carrera de Economía de la Universidad Católica Boliviana (UCB) Universidad Católica Boliviana. Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Carlos Gustavo Machicado ().