Fifty Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership

Francine D. Blau and Lisa Lynch

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2024, vol. 711, issue 1, 225-244

Abstract: We provide an overview of what has happened for women over the past 50 years as they worked to break through professional barriers in economics, policy, and institutional leadership. We chart the progress of women in higher education at the college level and beyond and then examine women’s representation at the upper levels of academia, government, law, medicine, and management. We begin our description of trends in 1972, when Title IX was enacted to prohibit sex-based discrimination in federally funded educational programs. The data paint a picture of considerable progress but also persistent inequities. We then go on to consider possible explanations for the continuing gender differences and some of the empirical evidence on the factors identified.

Keywords: labor economics; economics of gender; labor force trends; education; discrimination; women leadership; glass ceiling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:anname:v:711:y:2024:i:1:p:225-244

DOI: 10.1177/00027162241292175

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