Income inequality and schizophrenia: Increased schizophrenia incidence in countries with high levels of income inequality

Jonathan K Burns, Andrew Tomita and Amy S Kapadia

International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 2014, vol. 60, issue 2, 185-196

Abstract: Background: Income inequality is associated with numerous negative health outcomes. There is evidence that ecological-level socio-environmental factors may increase risk for schizophrenia. Aims: The aim was to investigate whether measures of income inequality are associated with incidence of schizophrenia at the country level. Method: We conducted a systematic review of incidence rates for schizophrenia, reported between 1975 and 2011. For each country, national measures of income inequality (Gini coefficient) along with covariate risk factors for schizophrenia were obtained. Multi-level mixed-effects Poisson regression was performed to investigate the relationship between Gini coefficients and incidence rates of schizophrenia controlling for covariates. Results: One hundred and seven incidence rates (from 26 countries) were included. Mean incidence of schizophrenia was 18.50 per 100,000 (SD = 11.9; range = 1.7–67). There was a significant positive relationship between incidence rate of schizophrenia and Gini coefficient ( β = 1.02; Z = 2.28; p = .02; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.03). Conclusions: Countries characterized by a large rich–poor gap may be at increased risk of schizophrenia. We suggest that income inequality impacts negatively on social cohesion, eroding social capital, and that chronic stress associated with living in highly disparate societies places individuals at risk of schizophrenia.

Keywords: Schizophrenia; Gini coefficient; income inequality; systematic review (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

Downloads: (external link)
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020764013481426 (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:60:y:2014:i:2:p:185-196

DOI: 10.1177/0020764013481426

Access Statistics for this article

More articles in International Journal of Social Psychiatry
Bibliographic data for series maintained by SAGE Publications ().