The Influence of Work Discipline, Organizational Culture, and Individual Characteristics on Employee Performance – A Conceptual Analysis

Maulana Aditya Sukma Saputra () and Mohammad Ahyar Syafwan Lysander ()
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Maulana Aditya Sukma Saputra: Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University
Mohammad Ahyar Syafwan Lysander: Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University

A chapter in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Business, Economic, and Social Sustainability (ICOBES 2025), 2026, pp 441-454 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract This study aims to analyze the influence of work discipline, organizational culture, and individual characteristics on the work performance of outsourced employees at PT. Taman Wisata Candi Unit Prambanan, Yogyakarta. The research approach uses a conceptual method by constructing a theoretical framework based on the latest literature review and identifying empirical gaps regarding the performance of outsourced employees in the tourism sector. The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory is used as a basis to explain the relationship between job demands, organizational resources, and individual characteristics on work outcomes. The results of the conceptual analysis show that work discipline, organizational culture, and individual characteristics have a mutually reinforcing relationship in improving performance. High work discipline has a positive effect on productivity and work effectiveness, a flexible and inclusive organizational culture can increase loyalty and work enthusiasm, while individual characteristics such as proactivity, responsibility, and adaptability play an important role in facing job demands and encouraging optimal work results. The practical contribution of this study is to provide recommendations for tourism company management to create a work environment that fosters discipline, strengthens an inclusive organizational culture, and pays attention to individual characteristics in the recruitment and human resource development processes. Theoretically, this study enriches the understanding of the application of the JD-R model in the context of outsourced workers in the tourism sector. In addition, this study opens opportunities for further empirical studies to examine the role of individual and organizational variables as mediators or moderators in influencing the performance of outsourced employees in the tourism service industry.

Keywords: Work Discipline; Organizational Culture; Individual Characteristics; Employee Performance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6239-626-5_33

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