Technical Feasibility of a 100% Wind-Water-Solar Renewable Energy System for China: Capacity, Land Use and Grid Integration Assessment

Zimo Fu ()
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Zimo Fu: University of Nottingham

A chapter in Proceedings of the 2026 11th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2026), 2026, pp 751-758 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract This report assesses the feasibility of transitioning China to a 100% clean, renewable energy system based on wind, water, and solar (WWS) technologies. Using national energy consumption data, end-use demand is converted to electricity requirements and allocated among wind, solar, and hydropower. Device counts, installed capacity, and associated land area are estimated for each technology using typical capacity factors and power densities. Results indicate that supplying China’s annual energy demand of approximately 15,177.54 TWh would require around 3,465 GW of solar capacity, 1,629 GW of wind capacity, and 770 GW of hydropower. The total land and sea area needed is approximately 540,957 km2, representing only 5.6% of China’s land area, with rooftop PV contributing significantly to land-use reduction. These findings confirm that a 100% WWS energy transition in China is technically achievable with proper resource allocation, strategic siting, and integration of storage and grid expansion measures.

Keywords: Energy transition; Wind-water-solar (WWS) system; Grid integration; Device requirements; Energy storage (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.2991/978-94-6239-642-5_76

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