Sex Differences in Electrolyte Disturbances Among Diuretic Users According to Renal Function and Age

Narumi Maida, Shingo Kondo (), Naoko Hayashi, Hiroki Iwata, Noriko Kobayashi and Katsunori Yamaura
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Narumi Maida: Keio University
Shingo Kondo: Keio University
Naoko Hayashi: Keio University
Hiroki Iwata: Keio University
Noriko Kobayashi: Keio University
Katsunori Yamaura: Keio University

Drug Safety, 2025, vol. 48, issue 10, No 8, 1149-1159

Abstract: Abstract Introduction Diuretics are widely used in Japan for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Electrolyte disturbance is a common adverse reaction to diuretics and may be life-threatening. Previous studies have shown that diuretic-induced electrolyte disturbance is more common in women. Electrolyte balance is regulated by the kidneys, and renal function tends to decline with advancing age. Objective The aim of this study was to identify patients at high risk of adverse reactions to diuretics, considering the effects of sex, renal function, and age on susceptibility to diuretic-induced electrolyte disturbance. Methods Claims data for 67,135 patients on diuretics in Japan were sourced from DeSC Healthcare, Inc. The data covered the period from April 2020 to March 2021. Results Analysis of patient numbers using the chi-squared test showed that hyperkalemia was more common in men than in women (326 vs. 271; p = 0.003) and that hypokalemia was more common in women than in men (413 vs. 285; p

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s40264-025-01564-3

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