Fathers to Sons?—Gendered Delays in Schooling, Intergenerational Dynamics, and Institutional Change in Primary Education: Findings from Bukidnon, Northern Mindanao

Masayoshi Okabe ()
Additional contact information
Masayoshi Okabe: Saitama University

Chapter Chapter 2 in Economics of the Reversal in Gender Disparities in Education and Development, 2025, pp 37-85 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract This chapter examines delays in primary education as a measure of educational inefficiency, focusing on gender disparities and intergenerational dynamics in a rural Philippine case. Based on household survey data from Bukidnon Province, the study finds that boys are more likely to experience greater delays in primary education compared to girls. Parental education plays a critical role, with higher maternal education reducing delays regardless of the child’s gender, while paternal education has a stronger impact specifically on boys. However, fathers generally have lower educational attainment than mothers, a disparity carried over to a similar gap between sons and daughters, perpetuating a vicious cycle. The analysis also highlights the effect of supply-side institutional changes, particularly an earlier school entrance age, on reducing delays. Female students benefit more significantly from this policy, showing greater progress toward minimal delays compared to their male counterparts. While household poverty exacerbates delays for both genders, cultural and contextual factors in rural Bukidnon further shape these patterns, where socioeconomic constraints and family dynamics interact in complex ways. The findings underscore the need for gender-sensitive educational policies to address the unique challenges faced by boys and girls, with attention to intergenerational and gendered dynamics in education.

Keywords: Intergenerational transmission of education; Schooling delay; Parental education impact; School entry age policy; Bukidnon; Mindanao (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

There are no downloads for this item, see the EconPapers FAQ for hints about obtaining it.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:eclchp:978-981-96-9271-2_2

Ordering information: This item can be ordered from
http://www.springer.com/9789819692712

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-96-9271-2_2

Access Statistics for this chapter

More chapters in Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific from Springer
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().