Acute toxicology study of organic dyes-degraded water on adult zebrafish as human model for direct utility

J. Sharmila, S. Suresh and M. Chamundeeswari ()
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J. Sharmila: St. Joseph’s College of Engineering
S. Suresh: St. Joseph’s College of Engineering
M. Chamundeeswari: St. Joseph’s College of Engineering

Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, 2025, vol. 27, issue 8, No 31, 18655-18674

Abstract: Abstract The present study aims at assessing the toxicity and efficacy of organic dyes-degraded water for direct utility using Zebra fish (Zf) as a human model since it shares 70% of its genes with human beings. The estimated lethal dose (LD50) value for the dyes-degraded water was determined with Zf larvae grown using various dilutions of concentrations such as 1, 10, 50, 70, and 100 µl. Based on the observation, a 10% mortality rate of Zf at the 70 µl and 70% mortality rate at 100 µl per 30 ml were identified as the LD50 value for the dyes-degraded water. The preliminary tests, such as startle response, light and dark assay, memory maze assay, and locomotion abnormality assessment, were conducted on Zf with the same set of dilutions of dyes-degraded water. Out of 5 different dilutions, the 70 µl dilution was considered the highest dose and taken for studies to determine the toxicity efficacy on adult Zf. Furthermore, gross anatomy and smear pathology images of the heart, liver, pancreas, and brain were taken to find the abnormalities. The 1 µl and 10 µl dilutions of concentrations exhibit results similar to those of the control sample. However, 50 µl showed slight abnormalities compared to the other two dilutions, and at 70 µl, the abnormalities increased drastically and exhibited high-level toxicity. Hence, the dyes-degraded water could potentially be a hazard to utilize directly with living organisms, even at lower concentrations without any pre-treatment. Graphical Abstract

Keywords: Dyes-degraded water; Zebrafish; Dilutions; Gross anatomy and smear pathology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s10668-024-04710-6

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