The importance of political and religious affiliation in explaining county-level COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy

Declan R. Carroll, Stephen J. Conroy () and Adriana Vamosiu
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Declan R. Carroll: Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado Boulder
Stephen J. Conroy: Knauss School of Business, University of San Diego
Adriana Vamosiu: Knauss School of Business, University of San Diego

Health Economics Review, 2025, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract The authors use county-level data to test whether an array of socioeconomic, demographic, political and religious variables explain COVID-19 vaccination rates. Results presented here build upon previous investigations of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in different contexts and are largely consistent with those findings. Background controls such as county’s percent male (+), median age (+), percent White (-), median household income (+), percent self-employed (-), and the percent with a college or higher education (+) explain county-level vaccination rates for COVID-19. Political affiliation (Percent Republican (-)) remains the strongest predictor in terms of overall statistical significance. The county’s percent Catholic (+) and percent Evangelical (-) are also very strong predictors, though in opposite directions. This analysis includes state-level fixed effects and several robustness checks.

Keywords: Vaccine hesitancy; COVID-19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I1 I12 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1186/s13561-025-00605-y

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