Gender Differential of Educational Outcomes in India: How Does Space Matter?

Antara Bhattacharyya () and Sushil Kr. Haldar
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Antara Bhattacharyya: Jadavpur University
Sushil Kr. Haldar: Jadavpur University

A chapter in Risks and Resilience of Emerging Economies, 2023, pp 289-312 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract India has achieved a decent rate of economic growth in past decades except the COVID pandemic period. However, such growth fails to ensure gender equality in various aspects of life. This paper tries to investigate the gender disparity in literacy and enrolment rate across 24 states over 4 time points. The major focus of this paper is to examine the spatial influence of gender differential in educational outcomes along with conventional socio-economic variables in a panel data framework. We find that gender disparity of net enrolment is found to be negative which means females are better off compared to males. However, disparity prevails in respect of literacy rate though over time it is found to be declining in all the states. We also find that net enrolment is space neutral but the literacy rate is space dependent. The Global Moran Index (GMI) values of gender disparity in literacy in different time points appear to be statistically significant; this implies the existence of spatial clustering of states (high-high and low-low) in gender disparity in literacy rate. The spatial panel data regression results of gender differential of literacy clearly prove the influence of neighbouring effect; only two explanatory variables like urbanization and per capita social sector expenditure have appeared to be statistically significant.

Keywords: Net enrolment ratio; Literacy rate; Coefficient of inequality and Sopher’s Disparity Index; Moran’s Index; Spatial regression (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I20 I21 I24 I25 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:isbchp:978-981-99-4063-9_14

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DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-4063-9_14

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