Spirituality in the Context of Well-being. Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties and Added Value of the Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List Short Form (SAIL-SF)

E. T. Bohlmeijer (), L. Frielingsdorf (), J. T. Kraiss (), E. Jager-Meezenbroek, A. Visser () and P. M. Klooster
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E. T. Bohlmeijer: University of Twente
L. Frielingsdorf: University of Twente
J. T. Kraiss: University of Twente
E. Jager-Meezenbroek: ACT Therapie Utrecht
A. Visser: University of Groningen
P. M. Klooster: University of Twente

Journal of Happiness Studies, 2023, vol. 24, issue 3, No 13, 1169-1190

Abstract: Abstract There is growing evidence that spiritual well-being is positively associated with adaptive coping and health. The Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List (SAIL) was developed to measure a sense of connectedness to oneself, the environment and the transcendent as a universal experience. The aim of the current study was to develop a short form of the SAIL (SAIL-SF). A factor analytic approach was adopted to select the items for the SAIL-SF based on earlier studies among nurses (n = 458) and cancer patients (n = 445). The dimensionality, factor-loadings, internal consistency, construct validity and incremental validity of the final SAIL-SF were then evaluated in a new sample of adults (n = 225) participating in a trial assessing a positive psychology intervention. The first study yielded seven items, each representing one of the dimensions of the original SAIL: meaningfulness, trust, acceptance, caring for others, connectedness with nature, transcendent experiences, and spiritual activities. The seven items represented a single meaningful factor in both samples and the factor loadings of the items were adequately high. In the second study, a good fit across the various model indices was found and all items had adequately high factor loadings in a strict unidimensional confirmatory factor model and demonstrated good internal consistency. The SAIL-SF explained 7% of variance in ability to adapt above and beyond emotional, psychological, and social well-being. The current study shows that the SAIL-SF has good psychometric properties, and that spiritual well-being has a unique contribution to the ability to adapt in comparison with other types of well-being.

Keywords: Spirituality; Well-being; Ability to adapt; Questionnaire; Short-form (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1007/s10902-023-00640-8

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