Free Pre-K and Non-Marital Childbearing: Examining the Link in Vermont

Masanori Kuroki ()
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Masanori Kuroki: Arkansas Tech University

Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy, 2024, vol. 7, issue 3, No 2, 154-163

Abstract: Abstract This paper examines the potential unintended consequence of universal pre-kindergarten (pre-k) programs on non-marital childbearing. We analyze the implementation of Vermont’s Act 166 in 2014, which mandated comprehensive pre-k for all 3–5 year olds, employing difference-in-differences and synthetic control methodologies. We find that the policy has led to an increase in the share of non-marital childbearing among mothers already raising children outside of marriage. Our results suggest that universal pre-k may incentivize unmarried mothers to have additional children due to reduced childcare costs and increased time availability. The findings indicate that implementing universal pre-k has the potential to unintentionally affect family formation decisions and fertility patterns among unmarried mothers.

Keywords: Family planning; Fertility; Child care; Preschool; Non-marital childbearing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J13 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1007/s41996-024-00146-2

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