Seismic vulnerability analysis incorporating local site amplification effects in shallow, varying bedrock depths

Işıl Sanrı Karapınar, Ayşe Elif Özsoy Özbay (), Zehra Nil Kutlu, Ahmet Utku Yazgan and İsmail Emrah Kılıç
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Işıl Sanrı Karapınar: Maltepe University
Ayşe Elif Özsoy Özbay: Maltepe University
Zehra Nil Kutlu: Oryx Universal College
Ahmet Utku Yazgan: Maltepe University
İsmail Emrah Kılıç: Royal Haskoning

Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, 2025, vol. 121, issue 13, No 38, 16013-16032

Abstract: Abstract This study evaluates the impact of varying bedrock depths on local site amplification factors and their consequent influence on the vulnerability of buildings under seismic actions. An index-based methodology is implemented to analyze the seismic vulnerability of old masonry buildings in the historic center of Galata, İstanbul. As part of a site-specific analysis, soil models are developed to replicate a dipping bedrock at six different depths varying between 5 and 30 m beneath the ground surface. Consequently, potential damage scenarios are generated employing a seismic attenuation relation and damage distributions are compared for the cases with/without amplification effects. The findings point out that, the structural response undergoes the greatest amplification at a bedrock depth of 20 m, exceeding 1.6 and attaining its maximum value of 2.89 at the structural period of 0.22 s. The maximum shift in damage grades occurs for buildings with natural periods between 0.16 and 0.20 s on 15 m bedrock depth, whereas, for longer periods, the greatest increase occurs at 20 m bedrock depth compared to the scenarios without site amplification. As a result, this study emphasizes the significance of site-specific conditions that might amplify structural response and consequently, increase the seismic damage level in assessing the vulnerability of built heritage. By integrating geo-hazard-based evaluation into the large-scale seismic assessments, this study offers a framework for more accurate damage forecasting and highlights the need to include local site amplification effects in seismic risk mitigation plans, enhancing strategies for preserving built heritage.

Keywords: Seismic risk; Vulnerability assessment; Site-specific analysis; Amplification effect; Masonry buildings (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s11069-025-07417-7

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