Cascading impacts of 2025 June-July multi-hazard episodes in the Western Himalayas: Evidence through remote sensing observations and Google Earth Engine

Rahul Deopa, Hrishikesh Singh, Vaibhav Tripathi, Mayank Tyagi and Mohit Prakash Mohanty ()
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Rahul Deopa: Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Water Resources Development and Management
Hrishikesh Singh: Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Water Resources Development and Management
Vaibhav Tripathi: Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Water Resources Development and Management
Mayank Tyagi: Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Water Resources Development and Management
Mohit Prakash Mohanty: Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Water Resources Development and Management

Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, 2025, vol. 121, issue 19, No 42, 23417-23422

Abstract: Abstract This study diagnoses the processes and identifies the footprints of the 2025 June-July multi-hazard events in the western Himalayas using remote sensing observations (e.g., Sentinel-1A SAR data) within the Google Earth Engine platform. The early monsoon of 2025 brought extreme precipitation anomalies (+ 195% in Himachal Pradesh, + 96% in Uttarakhand), triggering intense rainfall events (> 100 mm/day), cloudbursts, floods, and landslides across vulnerable districts such as Mandi, and Chamoli. Extreme rainfall footprints (5.66–53 km) overlapped with terrain-instability zones, amplifying slope failure risks. Spatial analysis revealed significant flood heterogeneity, with high-altitude Lahaul-Spiti recording the maximum inundation (170.17 ha), contrary to assumptions that southern districts would be most affected. Minimal flooding in Bilaspur, Mandi, and Shimla highlights the terrain-controlled nature of flood hazards. These findings underscore the utility of integrating remote sensing and cloud computing for rapid, physiographically adaptive hazard assessment, while emphasizing the need for multi-hazard early warning systems tailored to Himalayan geomorphic and climatic complexity.

Keywords: Google Earth Engine; Multi-hazard; Remote Sensing; Western Himalayas (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s11069-025-07699-x

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