Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Evolocumab for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Ahmed Alghamdi, Bander Balkhi, Abdulaziz Altowaijri, Nasser Al-shehri, Lewis Ralph, Emily-Ruth Marriott, Michael Urbich, Fawaz Aljanad and Rima Aziziyeh ()
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Ahmed Alghamdi: King Saud University
Bander Balkhi: King Saud University
Abdulaziz Altowaijri: Prince Sultan Cardiac Center
Nasser Al-shehri: Prince Sultan Military Medical City
Lewis Ralph: BresMed Health Solutions Ltd
Emily-Ruth Marriott: BresMed Health Solutions Ltd
Michael Urbich: Amgen (Europe) GmbH
Fawaz Aljanad: Amgen Inc
Rima Aziziyeh: Amgen Inc

PharmacoEconomics - Open, 2022, vol. 6, issue 2, No 12, 277-291

Abstract: Abstract Background Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, such as evolocumab, are cholesterol-lowering drugs effective in lowering lipid levels in high-risk patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia. Objective This study assessed the cost effectiveness of evolocumab in combination with lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs) compared with LLTs alone, from a public healthcare perspective in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods A Markov cohort state transition model was used, incorporating efficacy estimates from the FOURIER clinical trial and baseline cardiovascular event rates observed in clinical practice. Other model inputs were extracted from the literature and Saudi sources. Results In patients with clinically evident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 70 or ≥ 100 mg/dL, adding evolocumab to a maximally tolerated statin, with or without ezetimibe, was associated with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of Saudi Arabian riyal (SAR) 109,274 ($US60,708) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained and SAR75,163 ($US41,757) per QALY gained, respectively. The ICER was SAR22,391 ($US12,440) per QALY gained in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Sensitivity analysis results were robust to changes in model parameters and fell below the willingness-to-pay threshold of up to three times gross domestic product per capita in 2019 (SAR264,813 [$US147,118]). Conclusion Evolocumab can be considered a cost-effective treatment option for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in the KSA.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1007/s41669-021-00300-8

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