The Impacts of Cybercrime: From Micro to Macro Levels

Melissa K. A. Lukings (), Arash Habibi Lashkari () and Payman Hakimian ()
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Melissa K. A. Lukings: York University
Arash Habibi Lashkari: York University, School of Information Technology
Payman Hakimian: Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)

Chapter 4 in Understanding Cybercrime Victim Services, 2026, pp 101-116 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract This chapter explores the multifaceted impacts of cybercrime across individual, organizational, and global dimensions, emphasizing how digital threats extend far beyond traditional crime in scale, scope, and complexity. At the micro level, it highlights the psychological trauma, financial loss, and reputational harm suffered by individual victims, often exacerbated by the anonymity and persistence of online offenses. At the meso level, it examines the profound consequences for organizations, ranging from financial disruption and regulatory penalties to strategic vulnerabilities caused by data breaches and cyber espionage. At the macro level, the discussion expands to national and international impacts, illustrating how cybercrime undermines economic stability, national security, and diplomatic relations through large-scale attacks on critical infrastructure and state-sponsored cyber operations. The chapter concludes by contrasting cybercrime with traditional crime, underscoring its borderless nature, automation, and speed, which demand adaptive legal, technical, and policy frameworks. Ultimately, it stresses that combating cybercrime requires a coordinated, multi-level approach that integrates legal reform, international cooperation, public awareness, and advanced cybersecurity capabilities to safeguard individuals, institutions, and nations in the digital age.

Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-13273-4_4

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