Leveraging artificial intelligence for enhanced central banking regulation in emerging economies: A bibliometric analysis

Mohammad Sahabuddin (), Ferdowsy Begum (), Md. Abu Hamjalal Bubu (), Md. Shemul Sheikh () and Yasmin Jamadar ()
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Mohammad Sahabuddin: University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Department of Finance and Banking
Ferdowsy Begum: University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Department of Business Administration
Md. Abu Hamjalal Bubu: Program Manager (GIS & IoT Traceability), Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF)
Md. Shemul Sheikh: Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management
Yasmin Jamadar: Monash University Malaysia, School of Business

SN Business & Economics, 2025, vol. 5, issue 12, 1-30

Abstract: Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the regulatory framework of central banks, particularly by reshaping supervisory, compliance, and risk management mechanisms. This paper presents a comprehensive review of leveraging AI in central banking, focusing on regulatory systems, technological adaptation, and research trends in emerging economies. Following the PRISMA criteria, 235 peer-reviewed articles were sourced from the Scopus and Web of Science databases from 1999 to 2024. Bibliometric analysis of the data was conducted using R Studio and VOS viewer, revealing temporal drifts, source networks, spatial networks, and lexical networks. The findings show that the impact of AI on central banking has been growing, with a significant increase from 2016 and a sharp uplift between 2016 and 2020. The top contributing countries are the United States and the United Kingdom in the developed nations, while China, India, and Malaysia are the leading contributors among emerging countries. Key research topics on AI in central banking are financial resilience, central bank digital currencies, and regulatory responses to technological disruption, as well as AI’s strong capabilities in real-time data analysis, fraud detection, and risk management. Through a comprehensive review of AI’s transformative implications for central banking, this study identifies ethical and operational challenges facing the industry and offers crucial directions for future research.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Central banking; Regulatory framework; Machine learning; Financial stability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s43546-025-00988-4

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