Student’s t-Test for Independent Samples

Thomas W. MacFarland and Jan M. Yates
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Thomas W. MacFarland: Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, Senior Research Associate, Office of Institutional Effectiveness
Jan M. Yates: Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, Professor Emerita, Abraham S. Fischler College of Education

Chapter Chapter 3 in Using R for Biostatistics, 2021, pp 141-240 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract This lesson provides a demonstration of inquiries into differences between groups, specifically by using Student’s t-Test for Independent Samples. Overall, Student’s t-Test is a very common test for determining differences when a singular measured variable (e.g., Systolic Blood Pressure, weight of dairy cow milk production per lactation, length of shark dorsal fin, etc.) is compared to differences between a grouping variable with two breakout groups (e.g., Female v Male humans, Guernsey v Jersey cows, Mako v Great White sharks). The t-Test was developed more than 100 years ago, as part of quality assurance work for a beverage company, but published under the pen name Student. Student’s t-Test is the appropriate test for comparing differences between small samples, typically 30 or fewer. However, it is also common to see Student’s t-Test for Independent Samples used with larger samples.

Keywords: Barplot; boxplot (box-and-whiskers plot); Density plot; Dotchart; Gosset (William Sealy); Histogram; Independent samples; Matched pairs; Student’s t-Test; t-statistic; z-statistic (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62404-0_3

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