Cybersecurity Awareness Frameworks in Developing Economies: A Systematic Review

Israel Gunay (), Jion Neil Macaldo (), Michael Encabo (), Wilson Chua (), Xavier-Lewis Palmer (), Lucas Potter (), Haron Hakeen Lua () and Lemuel Clark Velasco ()
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Israel Gunay: Department of Information Technology, College of Computer Studies, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
Jion Neil Macaldo: Department of Information Technology, College of Computer Studies, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
Michael Encabo: Department of Information Technology, College of Computer Studies, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
Wilson Chua: Future Gen International Pte Ltd
Xavier-Lewis Palmer: Old Dominion University
Lucas Potter: Old Dominion University
Haron Hakeen Lua: Department of Information Technology, College of Computer Studies, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology
Lemuel Clark Velasco: Department of Information Technology, College of Computer Studies, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology

A chapter in Behavioral Cybersecurity and Ethical AI in Relational Economics Context, 2026, pp 469-508 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract Cybersecurity awareness is fundamental in safeguarding networks, devices, and data from malicious entities, with a crucial role assigned to individuals in ensuring secure digital environments. This study addresses the existing gaps in the literature on cybersecurity awareness frameworks, particularly in developing economies, emphasizing the need for culturally tailored and comprehensive programs. A systematic review of 25 journal articles identified diverse methods such as training, maturity, and prominent frameworks, including the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. They were analyzed for their objectives, such as risk management, education, and behavior improvement. Methodological analysis revealed a focus on employee awareness, with challenges in selecting and addressing shortcomings in widely used frameworks. A research gap analysis identified a diverse landscape with common limitations, emphasizing adaptability, continuous testing, and validation as crucial strategies for addressing dynamic cybersecurity threats. The study emphasizes the critical need for robust validation processes in cybersecurity awareness frameworks, highlighting their importance in ensuring reliability and effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Continuous testing and refinement emerge as essential practices for adapting to the evolving nature of cybersecurity threats, providing stakeholders with the tools to enhance overall resilience in cybersecurity awareness initiatives.

Keywords: Cybersecurity; Cybersecurity awareness; Cybersecurity awareness frameworks; Cybersecurity assessment frameworks; Cybersecurity awareness assessment frameworks; Developing economies (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-01214-2_21

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