Energy and Natural Resources (1997–2024)

Sangaralingam Ramesh ()
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Sangaralingam Ramesh: University of Oxford

Chapter Chapter 8 in The Political Economy of Indonesia’s Economic Development, Volume II, 2025, pp 245-278 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract Indonesia has long leveraged its vast natural resource endowment as the foundation of its economic growth model. The post-1997 period has seen resource extraction, particularly oil, gas, coal, and minerals, serve as vital contributors to GDP, foreign exchange, and fiscal revenues. In 2022 alone, extractive industries accounted for 8.4% of GDP and 34% of export earnings.

Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-032-03140-2_8

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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-03140-2_8

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