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Unexpected Irregularities in the Distribution of Prime Numbers

Andrew Granville
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Andrew Granville: University of Georgia, Department of Mathematics

A chapter in Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, 1995, pp 388-399 from Springer

Abstract: Abstract In 1849 the Swiss mathematican ENCKE wrote to GAUSS, asking whether he had ever considered trying to estimate Π(x), the number of primes up to x, by some sort of “smooth” function. On Christmas Eve 1849, GAUSS replied that “he had pondered this problem as a boy” and had come to the conclusion that “at around x, the primes occur with density 1/log x.” Thus, he concluded, π(ϰ) could be approximated by $$Li(x): = \int_2^x {\frac{{dt}}{{\log t}} = \frac{x}{{\log x}} + \frac{x}{{{{\log }^2}x}} + O(\frac{x}{{{{\log }^3}x}})}$$ L i ( x ) : = ∫ 2 x d t log t = x log x + x log 2 x + O ( x log 3 x ) .

Date: 1995
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-9078-6_32

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