Variance-Driven Traffic Dynamics

Martin Treiber, Arne Kesting and Dirk Helbing
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Martin Treiber: Technische Universität Dresden, Institute for Transport & Economics
Arne Kesting: Technische Universität Dresden, Institute for Transport & Economics
Dirk Helbing: Technische Universität Dresden, Institute for Transport & Economics

A chapter in Traffic and Granular Flow’05, 2007, pp 551-557 from Springer

Abstract: Summary We investigate the adaptation of the time headways in car-following models as a function of the local velocity variance, which is a measure of the inhomogeneity of traffic flows. We apply our meta-model to several car-following models and simulate traffic breakdowns in open systems with an on-ramp bottleneck. Single-vehicle data generated by ‘virtual detectors’ show a semi-quantitative agreement with microscopic data from the Dutch freeway A9. This includes the observed distributions of the net time headways and times-to-collisions for free and congested traffic, and the velocity variance as a function of traffic density. Macroscopic properties such as the observed wide scattering of flow-density data are reproduced as well, even for deterministic simulations. We explain these phenomena by a self-organized variance-driven process that leads to the spontaneous formation and decay of long-lived platoons.

Keywords: Time Headway; Adaptive Cruise Control; Deterministic Simulation; Fundamental Diagram; Wide Scattering (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2007
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DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-47641-2_53

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