Use of Generalized Propensity Scores for Assessing Effects of Multiple Exposures

Kecheng Li (), Tugba Akkaya-Hocagil (), Richard J. Cook (), Louise M. Ryan (), R. Colin Carter (), Khue-Dung Dang (), Joseph L. Jacobson () and Sandra W. Jacobson ()
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Kecheng Li: University of Waterloo
Tugba Akkaya-Hocagil: University of Waterloo
Richard J. Cook: University of Waterloo
Louise M. Ryan: University of Technology Sydney
R. Colin Carter: Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
Khue-Dung Dang: University of Melbourne
Joseph L. Jacobson: Wayne State University
Sandra W. Jacobson: Wayne State University

Statistics in Biosciences, 2024, vol. 16, issue 2, No 3, 347-376

Abstract: Abstract When interest lies in causal analysis of the effects of multiple exposures on an outcome, one may be interested in investigating the interaction between the exposures. In such settings, causal analysis requires modeling the joint distribution of exposures given pertinent confounding variables. In the most general setting, this may require modeling the effect of confounding variables on the association between exposures via a second-order regression model. We consider joint modeling of exposures for causal analysis via regression adjustment and inverse weighting. In both frameworks, we also investigate the asymptotic bias of estimators when the dependence model for the generalized propensity score incorrectly assumes conditional independence of exposures or is based on a naive dependence model which does not accommodate the effect of confounders on the conditional association of exposures. We also consider the problem of a semi-continuous bivariate exposure and propose a two-stage estimation technique to study the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure, and the effects of drinking frequency and intensity on childhood cognition.

Keywords: Causal analysis; Dependence modeling; Generalized propensity score; Inverse weighting; Multiple exposures; Two-stage analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1007/s12561-023-09403-8

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