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Freeze-out mergers: the case of shareholders with multiple shares

Kyounghun Lee and Frederick Dongchuhl Oh

Applied Economics Letters, 2024, vol. 31, issue 1, 65-70

Abstract: This paper investigates the role of freeze-out mergers in mitigating the free-rider problem in tender offers. In contrast to a framework in which each shareholder owns exactly one share, our model allows shareholders to have multiple shares. We find that a more aggressive freeze-out clause forces shareholders to tender more shares. Therefore, raiders capture a greater amount of surplus when the requirement for freeze-out mergers becomes easier to satisfy.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2022.2125492

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