Examining emotional responses and psychological restoration of four types of natural landscapes

Ronghua Wang, Enming He, Xinkun Sun and Chuanwei Wan

Landscape Research, 2025, vol. 50, issue 3, 409-425

Abstract: Natural environments have been identified to be more effective at inducing positive emotional responses and psychological restoration than built environments. However, there is a lack of evidence on which types of natural environments or which options for design and management are better. This study examined people’s emotional responses and psychological restoration induced by four types of natural landscapes. In addition, the impacts of landscape elements and perceived novelty on these two benefits were measured. The results showed that: (1) urban green landscapes and mountain landscapes were more likely to evoke positive emotional responses and increase psychological restoration than rock- or geyser-dominated landscapes; (2) there was an S-shaped curve between vegetation ratio and emotional responses or psychological restoration, in which 80% vegetation ratio suggests the peak of both benefits; (3) hard elements (rocks, sand, pavements or buildings) and perceived novelty decreased the two benefits provided by the natural landscapes.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2024.2422015

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