Investigating demographic factors in self-medication for upper respiratory tract infections: a quantitative study

Anush Barseghyan, Lusine Nazaryan, Maria Rayisyan, Margarit Beglaryan, Nana Bekhorashvili and Marta Simonyan

Mathematical Population Studies, 2025, vol. 32, issue 1, 21-40

Abstract: This study investigates self-medication behaviors during upper respiratory tract infections among Armenian residents, with a focus on age, gender, and education to identify vulnerable groups and provide evidence-based recommendations. From March to June 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using structured, anonymous questionnaires. The sample size, determined by the Cochran equation based on the population of Armenia, was 1308, with a confidence level of 97% and a margin of error of 3%. The survey had a 99% response rate, resulting in 1291 participants. The ages of the research participants were primarily between 24 and 35 years, with women comprising 67% of respondents. Educational levels showed that 36% had higher education, and 30% had vocational education. Our study reveals that self-medication is common among all ages, genders, and education levels. Developing educational resources and fostering public trust in pharmacists are recommended to enhance self-medication management.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/08898480.2025.2450531

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