Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on new quality productivity – a PSM-DID analysis of Chinese cities situated along the Belt and Road Initiative route

Hao Xiong and Liwei Zhuge

Post-Communist Economies, 2026, vol. 38, issue 2, 204-220

Abstract: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a crucial driver of China’s high-quality development. This development features a tech-driven production system, where New Quality Productivity (NQP) shapes urban economic transformation. However, research remains scant on how the BRI affects NQP. This study assessed the BRI’s impact on the NQP of cities situated along the route and identified underlying mechanisms by conducting a propensity score matching-difference in differences analysis of the panel data of 285 Chinese prefecture-level cities spanning from 2009 to 2022. The BRI showed a significant promoting effect on the NQP of cities situated along its route, with this result remaining consistent across various robustness tests.

Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2025.2593869

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