How much do cluster institutions drive a firm’s green innovation? A multi-level analysis

Jose-Antonio Belso, Isabel Díez-Vial, Gregorio Martín-de Castro and Jose-Luis Hervas-Oliver

Regional Studies, 2025, vol. 59, issue 1, 2298317

Abstract: This research explores the complementary role of formal institutions at the macro-level and informal ones at the cluster level on a firm’s green product innovation. Using mixed methods in a sample of 177 firms dedicated to the footwear industry, belonging to three clusters in three different countries, findings suggest that: (1) the cluster effect positively influences a firm’s green product innovation; and (2) informal cluster-level institutions’ effect on green product innovation is jointly and positively moderated by national institutions. Green innovation in clusters requires coupling different multi-scalar institutional systems effectively.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2023.2298317

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