“Turkmen Islam” and the Paucity of Real Pluralism in Turkmenistan’s Post-Soviet Nation-building

Victoria Clement

The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 2021, vol. 19, issue 4, 70-84

Abstract: The end of the Soviet Union gave Turkmenistan the opportunity to explore identity and to experiment with expressions of religiosity. Yet despite a long religious history that was relatively lacking in doctrinal rigidity, the country has moved profoundly away from the ideals of covenantal pluralism. The country is predominantly Muslim, but religious literacy is low. While shrine pilgrimage is still a popular undertaking, the country’s two presidents have used Islam to buttress their regimes, and the state actively discourages other forms of religious expression. The law appears to make room for religious pluralism but, in reality, little space is accorded to competing beliefs or lifestyles.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2021.1989808

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