What Are the Limits to Smart Innovation? The Digital Underground Initiative and New Frontiers of “Smartness” in Singapore

Prerona Das, Orlando Woods and Lily Kong

Planning Theory & Practice, 2025, vol. 26, issue 3, 365-383

Abstract: This paper argues that the emergence of new frontiers of smart transformation, such as underground spaces, can pose significant challenges to the implementation of “smart” technological solutions. Exploring the case of Singapore’s Digital Underground initiative, we show that elements such as material complexity, co-ordination between stakeholders, and the availability of appropriate regulatory and administrative frameworks can problematize the implementation of subterranean smart initiatives. By considering multistakeholder perspectives on these “more-than-technological” factors, this paper offers lessons for urban planners, policymakers, and developers in cities around the world that are keen to leverage technology to unlock the potential of underground space.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2025.2538458

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