A high refractive index surface plasmon resonance sensor with ultra-wide detection range based on dual-core photonic crystal fiber

Xu’an Liu, Xiaogang Jiang, WeiXuan Luo, Xinguang Hu and Daru Chen

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 2025, vol. 39, issue 10, 1215-1232

Abstract: This study proposes a dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) refractive index sensor with hybrid SPR enhancement. The structure features a triangular lattice cladding containing dual cores (formed by omitting two symmetric air holes) and a central enlarged gold-coated air hole. A vertical microchannel connects the central cavity to the external environment, allowing concurrent analyte access to side-polished gold layers (external) and the central cavity (internal) during immersion. Finite element simulations reveal an ultrawide detection range (1.40-1.60), surpassing conventional SPR-PCF sensors constrained by substrate RI limits. The sensor achieves 6150 nm/RIU wavelength sensitivity and 1.63 × 10−5 RIU resolution through synergistic dual-core coupling, dual SPR activation (external/internal interfaces), and optimized evanescent field overlap. The open-channel design enables rapid analyte infiltration while preserving structural integrity, demonstrating practical potential for high-RI biochemical detection.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/09205071.2025.2499850

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