Likidite ve Kredi Kanali Iliskisine Likiditenin Bol Oldugu Bir Donemden Bakis

Aslihan Atabek Demirhan and Muhammed Bahca

CBT Research Notes in Economics from Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey

Abstract: [TR] Covid-19 salgini donemindeki kisitlamalar ve tuketici davranislarindaki degisikliklerden en cok etkilenen sektorlerin basinda gelen yiyecek hizmetleri sektorunde pandemi sonrasi donemde toparlanma ile birlikte yuksek fiyat artislari dikkat cekmektedir. Ana girdisi gida urunleri olan emek yogun yiyecek hizmetleri sektorunun fiyat dinamiklerinde asgari ucret ve gida fiyatlarindaki gelismeler buyuk onem arz etmektedir. Bu cercevede, yiyecek hizmet fiyatlarinin gida ve alkolsuz icecekler grubu fiyat artislariyla benzerlik gostermesi ve ucret artis donemlerinde ivmelenmesi beklenen bir durumdur. Ancak, son donemde yiyecek hizmet fiyatlarinda gozlenen artislarin gida, akaryakit ve ucret gibi temel maliyet kalemlerindeki artislarla da aciklanamadigi kamuoyunda siklikla tartisilmaktadir. Bu calismada, ozellikle son donem gelismelerine odaklanilarak yiyecek hizmetleri fiyatlama davranis dinamikleri incelenmektedir. Yiyecek hizmetleri altinda yer alan urunler icin gida, personel ve kira gibi temel giderlerin dahil edildigi temsili maliyet endeksleri olusturulmustur. Olusturulan maliyet endeksleri sektor fiyat egilimleri ile karsilastirilmali olarak incelenmistir. Elde edilen bulgular, ozellikle 2023 yili sonrasinda yiyecek hizmet fiyatlarinin maliyet kalemlerinin uzerinde artislar gostermeye basladigini ima etmektedir. Alt gruplar itibariyla yapilan analizler urun gruplarina gore fiyatlama davranislarinda farklilasmaya isaret etmektedir. Kebap ve doner gibi girdisinin onemli bir kismi gorece yuksek enflasyon sergileyen kirmizi et iceren urunlerde satis fiyati ile maliyet arasindaki farklilasma daha sinirli olurken, goreceli daha dusuk maliyetli tavuk eti agirlikli ve fast-food yemek hizmetlerinde fiyat-maliyet makasinin zaman icerisinde belirgin bir sekilde acildigi dikkat cekmektedir. [EN] The food and beverage service sector which is one of the most affected sectors from the restrictions and consumer behavioral changes during the Covid-19 pandemic, has been displaying noteworthy price increases with the recovery in demand for the post-pandemic period. Due to its laborintensive nature, the food and beverage services sector pricing dynamics is expected to have comovement with the food prices and the minimum wage developments. However, the recent acceleration in food and beverage service prices which cannot be explained solely by the rises in basic cost items such as food, fuel, and wages is often publicly debated. In this study, by focusing on the recent developments, we examine the pricing behavior dynamics of food and beverage services sector. Within this context, representative cost indices that cooperates main cost components such as for food, labor and rent are constructed and price/cost ratios according to different concepts are compared. The findings of the analysis indicate that, as of 2023, food and beverage services prices have begun to show increases above the cost items. Detailed analyses point to differentiation in pricing behavior according to concepts. It is noteworthy that price-cost differentiation is more limited for the products such as kebab and doner kebab in which a significant portion of the input is red meat with relatively high inflation. On the other hand, it is observed continuous widening between the price and cost margin for the products with relatively lower costs such as chicken meat products and fast-food catering services.

Date: 2024
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