Board gender quotas and female CEOs in private firms

Sonia Falconieri, Marcelo Ortiz, Francisco Urzua and Paolo Volpin

Economics Working Papers from Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra

Abstract: Since Norway’s board gender reform in 2003, many European countries have introduced gender targets for the boards of listed firms. We examine how these regulations affected the gender of newly appointed chief executive officers (CEOs) in private firms. Using crosscountry and industry-level variation in exposure to the reform, we document an 8 to 13 percent increase in the number of appointments of female CEOs in industries with listed firms subject to the reforms, and no change in industries without such exposure. The effect is stronger in countries with mandatory quotas and where board appointments are more salient. The results indicate that board gender regulations generated positive spillover effects beyond the targeted listed firms, increasing the representation of women in top executive positions in private firms; however, they did not lead to a broader country-level cultural shift.

Keywords: Board quotas; female CEOs; private firms (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: G14 G34 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-11
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-hrm and nep-lab
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:upf:upfgen:1926

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