Historiographical Study of Authentication Approaches in Computer Systems

Petar Dimitrov () and Pavel Petrov ()
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Petar Dimitrov: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Pavel Petrov: University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria

Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. Economic Sciences Series, 2025, issue 2, 126-134

Abstract: The study focuses on the history of authentication approaches in computer systems in order to reveal the evolution of computer security. The main historical stages in authentication approaches in computer systems are related both to the development of computers and networks themselves, and to the growing need for a higher level of security and protection of personal data. Technological and user's behavioral risks have led to the gradual replacement of the password by more dynamic, context-based methods, through which an attempt is made to overcome the limitations of human memory and the growing threats in modern information systems interconnected by computer networks. The large number of accounts that modern users use to access multiple information systems, as well as the need for unique, complex passwords, lead to the so-called "password fatigue" phenomenon, in which users start using the same or easy-to-remember passwords, which significantly lowers the level of computer security. This leads to the emergence of many new and inherently different authentication methods that various organizations are trying to impose on the market.

Keywords: password; authentication; hashing; cryptography; security (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L86 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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