Changes in emissions of NOx and PM2.5 as a result of the implementation of measures in sectors close to the population: energy efficiency in residential buildings, and passenger cars substitution

Gamarra Ana R., Vivanco Marta G., Theobald Mark R., Hernández Coralina and Lechón Yolanda
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Gamarra Ana R.: CIEMAT/Energy Department, Energy Systems Analysis Unit. Madrid, Spain.
Vivanco Marta G.: CIEMAT/Atmospheric Pollution Division. Madrid, Spain.
Theobald Mark R.: CIEMAT/Atmospheric Pollution Division. Madrid, Spain.
Hernández Coralina: CIEMAT/Atmospheric Pollution Division. Madrid, Spain.
Lechón Yolanda: CIEMAT/Energy Department, Energy Systems Analysis Unit. Madrid, Spain.

Logistics, Supply Chain, Sustainability and Global Challenges, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 15-26

Abstract: This paper examines different strategies for reducing air pollution through measures implemented in key sectors. Current environmental and energy policies at the European and Spanish levels are focused on increasing energy efficiency and the penetration of renewable energy sources. In this study, changes in emissions of two major pollutants affecting human health — nitrogen oxides (NOx) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) — are quantified as a result of implementing a set of planned measures, considering Spain’s 2030 policy targets and using 2021 as the reference year. The measures target sectors that are directly connected to the population: residential buildings and passenger cars. The results indicate that the greatest benefits in terms of emission reductions are achieved through the replacement of combustion-based passenger road transport with electric vehicles, as well as through improvements to building envelopes, particularly once the electricity mix reaches the 2030 renewable energy penetration target.

Keywords: Air quality; emissions; mitigation measures; atmospheric pollutants (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:vrs:losutr:v:16:y:2025:i:1:p:15-26:n:1002

DOI: 10.2478/jlst-2025-0002

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