Job Characteristics That Matter for Women: Evidence from a Large-Scale Experiment in Pakistan

Norihiko Matsuda, Tazeen Fasih, Shinsaku Nomura and Emcet Oktay Tas

No 11484, Policy Research Working Paper Series from The World Bank

Abstract: In the presence of gender-specific barriers, certain workplace environments and amenities may be particularly important for women, yet difficult to observe during job search due to information frictions. A large-scale field experiment on Pakistan's online job board publicized these job characteristics—namely, supervisor gender, coworker gender composition, work flexibility, commuting support, and overnight travel requirements. Information on these characteristics was randomly disclosed in job advertisements and email alerts. Analysis at the job-alert level shows that female jobseekers respond to supervisor gender, remote work, and commuting support. At the job level, when these characteristics were disclosed, the number of female applicants increased as the jobs were more favorable to women.

Date: 2026-10-15
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