Environmental Policy and International Trade

Warwick McKibbin and Peter Wilcoxen

No 117, Discussion Papers from Brookings Institution, International Economics

Abstract: This paper explores the empirical link between environmental policy and international trade. Using an estimated global simulation model, the paper focusses on the extent to which international trade flows are redirected as a result of unilateral versus multilateral taxes on the emission of carbon dioxide. We find that a carbon tax in the United States produces little redirection of trade either in the short run or the long run because electric power generation and local transportation are by far the most carbon intensive activities and both are largely non-traded. We also illustrate the importance of the assumptions about the way in which the revenue from the carbon tax is recycled. We find that the revenue recycling assumption has important macroeconomic implications for saving and investment balances and therefore for the adjustment of trade flows.

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Working Paper: Environmental Policy and International Trade (1995)
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