Measures against the "Russian shadow fleet": Only a systematic approach can ensure effectiveness and security

Julian Pawlak

No 20/2026, SWP Comments from Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), German Institute for International and Security Affairs

Abstract: The so-called Russian shadow fleet primarily serves to evade sanctions on oil exports and thereby finance its war of aggression against Ukraine. At the same time, it is increasingly emerging as a security risk with defence implications for Europe. Vessels associated with the shadow fleet are being linked with growing frequency to acts of espionage and sabotage, thereby posing a threat to German and European security as well as to the maritime environment. In close coordination with its partners, the German government should pursue a systematic approach to countering the shadow fleet effectively. The overarching objectives are to preserve the integrity of sanctions regimes, safeguard maritime security, and contain defence-related threats.

Keywords: Schattenflotte; Russian shadow fleet; war of aggression against Ukraine; law of the sea; espionage; sabotage; German and European security; preserve the integrity of sanctions regimes; safeguard maritime security; contain defence-related threats (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:zbw:swpcom:341375

DOI: 10.18449/2026C20

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