Turkey’s Response to the Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence during the 2023 Earthquake and Elections

B. Oztas ()

Administrative Consulting, 2026, issue 5

Abstract: Along with the advancement of artificial intelligence, methods of its malicious use are also emerging rapidly, making the state’s response the critical factor in protecting the information environment, particularly during crises and elections. The aim of this article is to examine Turkey’s state response to the malicious use of artificial intelligence and assess the effectiveness and limitations of the responses during the Turkey-Syria earthquakes and 2023 general elections period. The study employed a qualitative approach combining a review of official reports, legal frameworks, and institutional responses with a structured analysis of verified examples of disinformation. The qualitative analysis focuses exclusively on cases of disinformation involving the malicious use of artificial intelligence.It has been observed that there are only a limited number of examples directly related to artificial intelligence; nevertheless, debates on artificial intelligence have dominated the agenda in the election period and led to notable outcomes. The most frequent types are automated bot networks and deepfakes. Results show that the responses remained reactive, relying mainly on official fact-checking bulletins and legal measures, and partly on strategic communication. The state’s responses can be described as reactive, fragmented, and characterized by limited coordination among relevant stakeholders such as social media platforms. Measures such as legal proceedings, content blocking, and fact-checking reports are implemented after harmful content has already disseminated, which undermines the overall effectiveness of these measures. Although a relatively strong disinformation response mechanism exists in Turkey, it is not fully adapted to threats of malicious use of artificial intelligence. This article highlights the need for clearer legal definitions, improved institutional coordination, proactive detection systems, increased trust in legal authorities, and stronger collaboration with digital platforms. It is suggested to develop strategies focused on artificial intelligence risks, enhance strategic communication and public trust in official sources, and promote media literacy.

Date: 2026
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