The Strategy of Manipulating Conflict
Sandeep Baliga () and
Tomas Sjostrom
American Economic Review, 2012, vol. 102, issue 6, 2897-2922
Abstract:
Two players choose hawkish or dovish actions in a conflict game with incomplete information. An "extremist," who can either be a hawk or a dove, attempts to manipulate decision making. If actions are strategic complements, a hawkish extremist increases the likelihood of conflict, and reduces welfare, by sending a public message which triggers hawkish behavior from both players. If actions are strategic substitutes, a dovish extremist instead sends a public message which causes one player to become more dovish and the other more hawkish. A hawkish (dovish) extremist is unable to manipulate decision making if actions are strategic substitutes (complements). (JEL D74, D82)
Date: 2012
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Working Paper: The Strategy of Manipulating Conflict (2009) 
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