How Does the Intersection of Sex and Nonbinary Gender Identity Affect Hiring Discrimination? Evidence from a Correspondence Field Experiment

Taryn Eames

AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2025, vol. 115, 202-08

Abstract: This study examines the intersection of sex and nonbinary gender identity in hiring discrimination using a resume audit study, where sex was signaled via first name and nonbinary identity via "they/them" pronoun disclosure. Results show male and female nonbinary applicants face similar discrimination levels, with patterns in sex-based discrimination resembling those of cisgender applicants with the same implied sex: Female-named applicants are penalized in male-dominated occupations and vice versa. Applicants with intersecting minoritized identities—being both the nondominant sex and disclosing nonbinary pronouns—face heightened discrimination. These findings highlight the importance of considering intersecting identities in understanding labor market disparities.

JEL-codes: C93 J16 J23 J71 M51 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/pandp.20251050 (application/pdf)
https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/materials/23065 (application/pdf)
https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/materials/23066 (application/zip)
Access to full text is restricted to AEA members and institutional subscribers.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:aea:apandp:v:115:y:2025:p:202-08

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
https://www.aeaweb.org/subscribe.html

DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20251050

Access Statistics for this article

AEA Papers and Proceedings is currently edited by William Johnson and Kelly Markel

More articles in AEA Papers and Proceedings from American Economic Association Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Michael P. Albert ().