The Contribution of Employee-Led and Employer-Led Work Flexibility to the Motherhood Wage Gap

Abi Adams, Mathias Fjællegaard Jensen and Barbara Petrongolo

AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2025, vol. 115, 243-47

Abstract: We analyze the contribution of job flexibility to the gender wage gap amongst Danish parents with a professional degree. We use a supervised machine learning approach to measure job flexibility from job vacancy text. We distinguish between employee-led and employer-led flexibility. We estimate pooled Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions to analyze the contribution of occupation-level exposure to flexibility to gender wage gaps. We find that employee- and employer-led flexibility contribute in opposite directions to the unexplained component of the motherhood penalty in earnings and wages for those with a professional bachelor's degree.

JEL-codes: C45 I26 J16 J23 J24 J31 M51 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20251015

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