Inflation Inequality: Measurement, Causes, and Policy Implications

Xavier Jaravel

Annual Review of Economics, 2021, vol. 13, issue 1, 599-629

Abstract: Does inflation vary across the income distribution? This article reviews the growing literature on inflation inequality, describing recent advances and opportunities for further research in four areas. First, new price index theory facilitates the study of inflation inequality. Second, new data show that inflation rates decline with household income in the United States. Accurate measurement requires granular price and expenditure data because of aggregation bias. Third, new evidence quantifies the impacts of innovation and trade on inflation inequality. Contrary to common wisdom, empirical estimates show that the direction of innovation is a significant driver of inflation inequality in the United States, whereas trade has similar price effects across the income distribution. Fourth, inflation inequality and non-homotheticities have important policy implications. They transform cost-benefit analysis, optimal taxation, the effectiveness of stabilization policies, and our understanding of secular macroeconomic trends—including structural change, the decline in the labor share and interest rates, and labor market polarization.

Keywords: household level inflation; inflation inequality; non-homothetic preferences (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D63 E31 F14 O30 O40 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (35)

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Working Paper: Inflation inequality: measurement, causes, and policy implications (2021)
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DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-091520-082042

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