Gender abuse and major depression among transgender women: A prospective study of vulnerability and resilience

L. Nuttbrock, W. Bockting, A. Rosenblum, S. Hwahng, M. Mason, M. Macri and J. Becker

American Journal of Public Health, 2014, vol. 104, issue 11, 2191-2198

Abstract: Objectives. We examined the social and interpersonal context of gender abuse and its effects on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition major depression among transgender women. Methods. We conducted a 3-year prospective study (2004-2007) among 230 transgender women aged 19 to 59 years from the New York City Metropolitan Area. Statistical techniques included generalized estimating equations (logistic regression). Results. We observed significant associations of psychological and physical gender abuse with major depression during follow-up. New or persistent experiences of both types of abuse were associated with 4- to 7-fold increases in the likelihood of incident major depression. Employment, transgender presentation, sex work, and hormone therapy correlated across time with psychological abuse; the latter 2 variables correlated with physical abuse. The association of psychological abuse with depression was stronger among younger than among older transgender women. Conclusions. Psychological and physical gender abuse is endemic in this population and may result from occupational success and attempts to affirm gender identity. Both types of abuse have serious mental health consequences in the form of major depression. Older transgender women have apparently developed some degree of resilience to psychological gender abuse. © 2014, American Public Health Association Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords: adult; coping behavior; Depressive Disorder, Major; epidemiology; female; human; middle aged; partner violence; prevalence; prospective study; psychology; statistical model; statistical model; statistics and numerical data; Substance-Related Disorders; transgender; United States; young adult, Adult; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Logistic Models; Middle Aged; New York City; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Resilience, Psychological; Spouse Abuse; Substance-Related Disorders; Transgendered Persons; Young Adult (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2013.301545_8

DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301545

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