Cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of racism on mental health among residents of Black neighborhoods in New York City

N.O.A. Kwate and M.S. Goodman

American Journal of Public Health, 2015, vol. 105, issue 4, 711-718

Abstract: Objectives. We investigated the impact of reported racism on the mental health of African Americans at cross-sectional time points and longitudinally, over the course of 1 year. Methods. The Black Linking Inequality, Feelings, and the Environment (LIFE) Study recruited Black residents (n = 144) from a probability sample of 2 predominantly Black New York City neighborhoods during December 2011 to June 2013. Respondents completed self-report surveys, including multiple measures of racism. We conducted assessments at baseline, 2-month follow-up, and 1-year follow-up. Weighted multivariate linear regression models assessed changes in racism and health over time. Results. Cross-sectional results varied by time point and by outcome, with only some measures associated with distress, and effects were stronger for poor mental health days than for depression. Individuals who denied thinking about their race fared worst. Longitudinally, increasing frequencies of racism predicted worse mental health across all 3 outcomes. Conclusions. These results support theories of racism as a health-defeating stressor and are among the few that show temporal associations with health. © 2015, American Public Health Association Inc.

Keywords: adult; African American; age; cross-sectional study; demography; epidemiology; female; human; longitudinal study; male; mental health; middle aged; New York; psychology; racism; sex difference; socioeconomics, Adult; African Americans; Age Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mental Health; Middle Aged; New York City; Racism; Residence Characteristics; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

Downloads: (external link)
http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302243

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2014.302243_1

DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302243

Access Statistics for this article

American Journal of Public Health is currently edited by Alfredo Morabia

More articles in American Journal of Public Health from American Public Health Association
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Christopher F Baum ().