HIV infection among people who inject drugs in the United States: Geographically explained variance across racial and ethnic groups

Linton, S.L.; Cooper, H.L.F.; Kelley, M.E.; Karnes, C.C.; Ross, Z.; Wolfe, M.E.; Jarlais, D.D.; Semaan, S.; Tempalski, B.; DiNenno, E.; Finlayson, T.; Sionean, C.; Wejnert, C.; Paz-Bailey, G.; Taussig, J.; Johnson, S.; Todd, J.; Flynn, C.; German, D.; Isenberg, D.; Driscoll, M.; Hurwitz, E.; Prachand, N.; Benbow, N.; Melville, S.; Yeager, R.; Dyer, J.; Novoa, A.; Thrun, M.; Al-Tayyib, A.; Higgins, E.; Mokotoff, E.; Griffin, V.; Sayegh, A.; Risser, J.; Rehman, H.; Bingham, T.; Sey, E.K.; Metsch, L.; Forrest, D.; Beck, D.; Cardenas, G.; Nemeth, C.; Smith, L.; Watson, C.-A.; Robinson, W.T.; Gruber, D.; Barak, N.; Neaigus, A.; Jenness, S.; Wendel, T.; Gelpi-Acosta, C.; Hagan, H.; Godette, H.; Bolden, B.; D'Errico, S.; Brady, K.A.; Kirkland, A.; Shpaner, M.; Miguelino-Keasling, V.; Velasco, A.; Raymond, H.F.; De León, S.M.; Rolón-Colón, Y.; Courogen, M.; Thiede, H.; Burt, R.; Herbert, M.; Friedberg, Y.; Wrigley, D.; Fisher, J.; Sansone, M.; West-Ojo, T.; Magnus, M.; Kuo, I.

HIV infection among people who inject drugs in the United States: Geographically explained variance across racial and ethnic groups

S.L. Linton, H.L.F. Cooper, M.E. Kelley, C.C. Karnes, Z. Ross, M.E. Wolfe, D.D. Jarlais, S. Semaan, B. Tempalski, E. DiNenno, T. Finlayson, C. Sionean, C. Wejnert, G. Paz-Bailey, J. Taussig, S. Johnson, J. Todd, C. Flynn, D. German, D. Isenberg, M. Driscoll, E. Hurwitz, N. Prachand, N. Benbow, S. Melville, R. Yeager, J. Dyer, A. Novoa, M. Thrun, A. Al-Tayyib, E. Higgins, E. Mokotoff, V. Griffin, A. Sayegh, J. Risser, H. Rehman, T. Bingham, E.K. Sey, L. Metsch, D. Forrest, D. Beck, G. Cardenas, C. Nemeth, L. Smith, C.-A. Watson, W.T. Robinson, D. Gruber, N. Barak, A. Neaigus, S. Jenness, T. Wendel, C. Gelpi-Acosta, H. Hagan, H. Godette, B. Bolden, S. D'Errico, K.A. Brady, A. Kirkland, M. Shpaner, V. Miguelino-Keasling, A. Velasco, H.F. Raymond, S.M. De León, Y. Rolón-Colón, M. Courogen, H. Thiede, R. Burt, M. Herbert, Y. Friedberg, D. Wrigley, J. Fisher, M. Sansone, T. West-Ojo, M. Magnus and I. Kuo

American Journal of Public Health, 2015, vol. 105, issue 12, 2457-2465

Abstract: Objectives. We explored how variance in HIV infection is distributed across multiple geographical scales among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States, overall and within racial/ethnic groups. Methods. People who inject drugs (n = 9077) were recruited via respondent driven sampling from 19 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system. We used multilevel modeling to determine the percentage of variance in HIV infection explained by zip codes, counties, and MSAs where PWID lived, overall and for specific racial/ethnic groups. Results. Collectively, zip codes, counties, and MSAs explained 29% of variance in HIV infection.Within specific racial/ethnic groups, all 3 scales explained variance in HIV infection among non-Hispanic/Latino White PWID (4.3%, 0.2%, and 7.5%, respectively), MSAs explained variance among Hispanic/Latino PWID (10.1%), and counties explained variance among non-Hispanic/Latino Black PWID (6.9%). Conclusions. Exposure to potential determinants of HIV infection at zip codes, counties, and MSAs may vary for different racial/ethnic groups of PWID, and may reveal opportunities to identify and ameliorate intraracial inequities in exposure to determinants of HIV infection at these geographical scales.

Keywords: adult; ancestry group; Black person; Caucasian; ethnic group; ethnology; health survey; Hispanic; HIV Infections; human; middle aged; statistics and numerical data; substance abuse; United States, Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Continental Population Groups; Ethnic Groups; European Continental Ancestry Group; Hispanic Americans; HIV Infections; Humans; Middle Aged; Population Surveillance; Substance Abuse, Intravenous; United States (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2015.302861_3

DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302861

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